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Redefining the Commodity Theory of Money: From the Viewpoint of the Recent Unoist Approach and Japanese Debates on Credit Money

  1. Introduction Marx introduced money as the form through which commodities express their own value. Traditional Marxist economics assumes that money was gold, and after the suspension of convertibility, money became state fiat money. In contrast, unlike traditional Marxism , Unoists in Japan reconstruct Marx’s Capital logically in many respects , beyond textual interpretation . Regarding credit theory, Unoists emphasize the uncertainty of circulation, which leads to specialized capitals engaged in circulation, such as commercial capital and banking capital. They argue that even inconvertible credit money still has a basis in commodity value . This means that the salability of commodities gives rise to the value of money. Banks link commodity value with value of money. Thus, money gains access to commodity value, either directly or indirectly. In this sense, money remains commodity money, and is different from state fiat money. T his paper will give an overview of ...

FRB(アメリカ連邦準備制度)の赤字(2025Q2まで)

以前「FRB(アメリカ連邦準備制度)の赤字」について2025Q2まで更新されたので、グラフを延長する。データ、出所などの説明は以前の記事を参照。

FRBの利息収入(青い破線)は2022からほぼ同水準で変動しているが、利息費用(緑二重線)が2023Q3から徐々に減少している。それ以外に債権(国債など)と債務(当座預金)の額を考慮する必要があるが、ここでは省略している。財務省への送金前の純所得(赤い線)の赤字はかなり縮小してきた。2025Q2も前期比べてわずかだか赤字は縮小し、銀行業資本として正常な状態に戻りつつあるといえる。

なお、用語の対応は、
総利息収入Total interest income、
総利息費用 Total interest expense
財務省への送金前の純所得 Reserve Bank and consolidated variable interest entities net loss before providing remittances to the Treasury
損失の場合は、 Reserve Bank and consolidated variable interest entity net loss before providing remittances to the Treasury  
準備預金への利子率 Interest rate on reserve balances (IORB rate)



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